CALS: Language: Cholnish

CALS_β	Conlang Atlas of Language Structures	Log in

Features:

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately small
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Large (7-14)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Moderately low
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	None
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	High and mid
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Simple
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Right-oriented: One of the last three
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Long vowel
Rhythm Types ^WALS	No rhythmic stress
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	'Th' sounds

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	4-5 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Dependent-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Weakly suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	No subject person/number marking

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural stem change
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	All nouns, always obligatory
Definite Articles ^WALS	Demonstrative word used as definite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	Indefinite word distinct from 'one'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Different stem
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Related for all demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Generic-noun-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Differentiated
Number of Cases ^WALS	3 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Case prefixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Mixed
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers ^WALS	Formally different

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Marked by following word
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	Ergative-Possessive
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' identical to 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	No grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	Present, no remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense ^WALS	Inflectional future exists
The Perfect ^WALS	Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Mixed type
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	No dominant order
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb ^WALS	XOV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	OV and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and AdjN

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Active - inactive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Obligatory pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	Oblique patient
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	No applicative construction
Predicative Possession ^WALS	Genitive
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Pronoun-retention

Hand and Arm ^WALS	Different
Finger and Hand ^WALS	Different
Numeral Bases ^WALS	Decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories ^WALS	6
Number of Basic Colour Categories ^WALS	8-8.5
Green and Blue ^WALS	Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow ^WALS	Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns ^WALS	No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns ^WALS	No N-M pronouns
Tea ^WALS	Others

Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages ^WALS	None
Question Particles in Sign Languages ^WALS	None

Writing Systems ^WALS	Alphabetic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks ^WALS	Other or none

Conlang type	Artlang